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A marketing plan is essential to any business, big or small. It clarifies the company¡¯s target market, sets goals, and determines the path to meet the goals. Although no set formula exists for a good marketing plan, below are some important elements to include.
Current Marketing Situation
Always the introductory section, the current situation discusses the marketing environment the company is working in at the present moment. Mention the known challenges, strengths, and weaknesses of marketing the product and discuss the competition. Also in this section, note any outside factors that will impact business in the next year ¨C new zoning laws, a dependable distributor closing down, etc.
This section not only outlines the current situation, but it also provides a benchmark for future plans or evaluations. Speaking about specific weaknesses now will allow the company to note their progress as it implements the marketing plan and then reevaluates it in the future.
Target Market
A section about the company¡¯s target market is essential to any marketing plan. Not having a full understanding of the target market would be like driving a car but not knowing where to go. In this section, define who the ideal buyer of the product or service is. Hone the definition of the target market with characteristics like the age, gender, income level or location of the ideal consumer. Also, it is important to know that the target market exists in the area, so use demographics and surveys to ensure that the specified group of ideal consumers exists and can be reached through marketing.
SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats)
Although the current marketing situation mentioned some of the SWOT analysis, that opening section did not go into great length about each category.
Really focusing on what the company has to work with, why it can do better, where it sees opportunities to improve, and what the stumbling blocks are is an extremely useful exercise. By knowing the above factors, the company is better able to meet the goals of the marketing plan.
Some questions to ask for each factor are:
Strengths: What does this company do better than its competitors? What is the competitive advantage? What works well within the company? What is this company proud of?
Weaknesses: What prevents this company from selling more of its product? Internally, what is the biggest hindrance to producing the product? What do the competitors do better than this company?
Opportunities: What part of the market has not yet been reached? What consumers are the competitors not targeting? What can be done to make the company work more efficiently to better serve the market? What area of the product or service is being neglected (e.g. a hair salon could ask if there was a service that was not being offered by any other salons in the area)?
Threats: What is the biggest threat from the competition? What is the biggest threat from the economy or the evolving market (e.g. when car phones were replaced by cell phones)? What is the biggest internal threat that could hurt the product?
Goals
Now that the company is aware of where it stands in the market and has a realistic understanding of itself, it can begin to set marketing goals. These goals should be brief, a page or less, so as not to set an unreasonable tone. Also, these goals should be specific and able to be measured. For example, an effective goal would be ¡°a 10% increase in online sales,¡± not ¡°better online visibility.¡± Even goals that do not have a numerical measurement can still be specified. Saying, ¡°increase advertising scope with at least three new ads¡± is far better than saying, ¡°advertise more.¡± By having tangible goals, the company knows to what end it is working and will have a clear path to achieve the goals.
Strategies
Having outlined specific goals will naturally lead into creating the strategy section of the marketing plan. Take each goal and create equally as specific methods to achieve it. If one goal was to increase customer traffic in the store, think of strategies to bring the target market to the store. In-store promotions, fliers around a specific neighborhood, and email alerts are examples of specific tactics to achieve that one goal. Make sure that the correlation between the goal and the tactic is clear ¨C if not, it is probably not a specific or focused tactic.
If the goal-by-goal strategy list is not the most efficient way to create tactics, the plan can also be broken into sections divided by type of strategy. Product, price, distribution, and promotional strategies are another way to approach this section of the marketing plan. Take each section and create ways to increase its success: a better product to market, a more advantageous price, cheaper distribution, more effective promotion.
Budget
Just as goals led into tactics, tactics lead into the budget. Each tactic or strategy has a cost associated with it. If the company plans to create three new commercials this year, for example, include the cost associated with this effort in the budget. After creating the marketing budget, evaluate the final cost. If it is too expensive, revise some of the more complicated strategies to see if money can be cut while not sacrificing the purpose.
A good marketing plan forces the company to look critically at itself and at its market, improve on the faults and expand upon the strengths. By setting specific goals and corresponding strategies, the company can begin to implement an effective marketing plan. Make certain that the hard work of goal-setting and strategy-creation will be followed, and this new effort will reap positive results. |
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