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Location: Home > career > Starting a small business: how to accurately predict the costs of starting a business
Here¡¯s something to keep in mind when budgeting for your small business start-up: Whatever you think it¡¯s going to cost to get your business off the ground, it¡¯s going to cost more. No matter how carefully you plan, there are going to be unforeseen expenses, hidden fees and unexpected contingencies. When I opened the doors of my first small business six months ago, I thought I knew exactly what I was getting into and was ready to dive into the exciting experience of being a small business owner. I thought I was as prepared as I could be and was ready to learn the rest by experience. After all, as Benjamin Franklin said, ¡°Experience is the best teacher.¡± It soon became apparent, however, that Oscar Wilde was the one with the right idea when he said, ¡°Experience is simply the name we give our mistakes.¡± Now, six months later and with a lot of hard work, I have made it through the most trying times and my business is well on its way to success. Still, I know now that those first six months didn¡¯t have to be so difficult. Here are some ways you can learn from my experience.
DO YOUR HOMEWORK.
If you want your business to be profitable, there is absolutely no substitute for doing your homework. This is the crucial first step in accurately predicting your start-up costs and making the most of your budget. First, look into office rents in your area and determine the best location for your business. For example, in my county, office space in the county seat is highly sought-after and, as a result, extremely expensive. However, less than ten miles south of the county seat, office space can be had for less than half the price. Although most of my clients have their offices in the county seat, I generally go to my clients¡¯ offices for meetings and to pick up projects. Accordingly, it makes little difference where my physical office is located and I am able to benefit from the lower rents available in the southern part of the county.
Once you¡¯ve researched the commercial real estate market in your area, take the time to research each and every expense item before making a final decision. Check out telephone companies and calling plans. Find out what average utility costs are in your building. Compare different office equipment and supply vendors and find out who offers quality products and services at the most reasonable price. If you will require internet access, do some research and find out whether dial-up, DSL or cable access will best suit your needs and which will be the most cost-effective. For example, once I decided that cable internet access would be the best option for my business, I contacted my local cable company and learned that there are a variety of business plans to choose from. Pressured to make a decision, I became confused and frustrated and ended the call. I then contacted my son who, fortunately for me, is a computer technician. He gave me a crash course in band width. Armed with that information and a new sense of confidence, I contacted the cable company again and confidently told them what I needed. Because I took the time to become informed, I felt good about my decision, rather than worrying that I¡¯d made the wrong choice. So, take the time to learn about the products and services you are buying. The process is time-consuming, but well worth the extra effort. You will not only save money, but being well-informed will give you a greater sense of control and confidence.
ESTIMATE START-UP COSTS.
Now that you¡¯ve laid the groundwork, it¡¯s time to calculate your start-up expenses. By now, you have a fairly good idea of what your monthly business expenses are going to be. However, in addition to recurring monthly expenses, such as rent, telephone and utilities, you will need to anticipate one-time expenses. For example, if your business will be a partnership, corporation or limited liability company, you will be required to file paperwork with the Secretary of State and pay fees for organizing your business under your state¡¯s laws. You may also incur fees for local business licenses, tax certificates or fictitious business name statements. You will want to plan for signage at your business location. You will also need to plan for initial advertising, including things like logo design. Perhaps your business would benefit from a web site, in which case you will incur expenses for web design. You will also have to pay a monthly fee for someone to host your site.
Research all of these requirements and options thoroughly. Know what your state and local governments require in order for you to start a business. Decide how much advertising you will need to do in your first year of business. Determine whether television, radio and/or print media will best suit your needs and learn about advertising costs. Find the best deals possible and create a budget that includes both your start-up and monthly expenses. In addition, a good rule of thumb is to have at least six month¡¯s living expenses saved to get you through those first months in business. Believe me, you are going to have enough to do without worrying about where your next meal is coming from. Finally, if at all possible, avoid borrowing money for start-up expenses. For one thing, you may need to borrow down the road to carry you through a slow period or for expansion, so save this option for when you really need it. Also, during those first six months of business, when I was struggling to make ends meet and putting out one fire after another, I was very glad not to have the added pressure of having an investor looking over my shoulder or a creditor breathing down my neck.
EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED.
Okay, now that you¡¯ve done your homework and know exactly, down to the penny, what it is going to cost to get your business off the ground, add ten percent to that figure. I cannot impress this upon you enough: No matter how carefully you have planned for each and every possible contingency, something is going to come up that you did not anticipate. I encountered quite a few little surprises in my first six months of business. For example, I was amazed to learn that businesses are charged double for most services, such as telephone service, utilities, internet service and classified advertising. Well into my third month of business, I was fascinated to learn that my state¡¯s taxing authority charges all limited liability companies a flat ¡°fee¡± of $800 in their fourth month of business. When I decided to rough it and save money during the first few months of business by using dial-up internet service, I was stunned to receive a $500 first-month telephone bill. It was then that I learned that, unlike residential lines, business lines are charged for each and every local telephone call, including those made to access the internet. (Unless you purchase a local monthly calling plan, which I didn¡¯t because I had no idea they existed or that I needed one.) And, when I first moved into my office, I was shocked to discover that all of the telephone lines had been disconnected when the previous tenant vacated the building. Fortunately, a telephone installation technician had left his business card behind, conveniently taped to the loose wires that were sticking out of the wall. He was more than happy to reconnect the lines¡ for a fee. Of course, his final bill was more than six times the verbal estimate he had given me. Which reminds me of another important lesson: Get all estimates in writing!
DO THE MATH.
Once you¡¯ve calculated your start-up and monthly expenses, it¡¯s time to perform what is called a ¡°break even¡± analysis. Basically, this entails determining how much income you are going to have to generate monthly to meet your expenses, or break even. This information will prove invaluable in determining how much product you will need to move or how much business you will need to bring through the doors in order to not only break even, but eventually pull in a profit. Use this information, as well as the information you obtained by researching your target markets, to set prices for your goods and services. Make sure your pricing is competitive with pricing for similar goods and services in your area. You don¡¯t want to make the mistake of pricing your product too high and pricing yourself right out of business in the process. However, the more common mistake new business owners make is pricing their product too low. Have enough confidence in yourself and in your product to charge the consumer for its fair marketplace value. Keep in mind that, if you set prices too low in the beginning, you will soon find yourself struggling with cash flow problems. You will also have a hard time convincing customers to pay higher prices down the road.
Before you open the doors of your new business, become an informed, knowledgeable and savvy entrepreneur. Investigate your options thoroughly so that you can feel confident that the choices you are making are the very best choices for your growing business. Know how much your start-up expenses are going to be down to the last paperclip. Then, give yourself an additional cushion for unexpected contingencies. By making a substantial investment of time and energy in the beginning, you will create a strong foundation and give your business its very best chance of success. |
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