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No matter how well you plan or budget, all it takes is one medical emergency, either an accident or a prolonged illness, to wipe out your savings and create a financial nightmare. With over 15% of the population uninsured, more and more working Americans are finding themselves struggling to pay huge medical bills and exorbitant prescription costs. Bankruptcy attorneys report that a high percentage of unsecured credit card debt is reflective of prescription payments. Senior citizens are particularly hard hit by sky-rocketing prescription costs, and can get into serious trouble using credit cards to purchase necessary medicine.
Even people who have medical coverage can face large, overwhelming debt for those expenses not covered as well as for deductibles that are higher than ever. Illness often equates to long absences from work, and current disability payments do not come close to covering most people¡¯s fixed expenses. Reduced income plus increased expenses equal disaster.
Insurance caps or limits, can also lead to financial difficulty. A person might have excellent coverage but only up to a certain point. Once that cap is reached, the individual is fully responsible for his or her expenses. If the cap is for one¡¯s lifetime, a catastrophic illness can quickly absorb that dollar limit.
It¡¯s no wonder, then, that over 20% of all bankruptcies are precipitated by debt resulting from medical expenses. However, United States bankruptcy law does not allow for a person to file bankruptcy specifically for medical expenses. All personal bankruptcies fall under one of two chapters ¨C 7 or 13 - and medical expenses are included as part of the total debt amount.
In a chapter 7 proceeding, an individual must list all assets and liabilities. The theory is that one¡¯s assets will be sold to pay the creditors. In reality, this rarely occurs, as each state allows for a set amount of personal property exemptions. Certainly, in the case of a senior citizen or worker on disability, there is not going to be a lot of personal property worth liquidating once the exemptions are considered. Routinely, these debts are written off, and the individual or couple has a fresh start.
Chapter 7 sounds good on paper but, before filing, consider the consequences of this action. Yes, your medical debts are discharged but, in the process, you will most likely be required to relinquish all your credit cards and include those companies in the bankruptcy as well. The bankruptcy will remain on your credit report for seven years and will certainly affect your future credit. If you are planning to buy a home or even a new car, think twice about taking this action. You should also consider the impact this will have on your ability to receive services from your doctor or medical facility. You may find that the doctor that you were unable to pay is now unwilling to continue your relationship. If you live in a large metropolitan area, this may not be a problem but, for small town residents with limited access to doctors and hospitals, this might be a serious consideration.
Chapter 13 offers a debtor the chance to reorganize and pay off all his or her bills according to a scheduled payment plan. Future creditors look more favorably on someone who has taken this route in that all the debts will eventually be paid. However, in cases where debt reaches six figures and income is limited, such an arrangement is normally not feasible and, if you default on the repayment plan, you will find yourself right back where you started from.
In most cases, doctors and hospitals are willing to work with an individual in an attempt to collect monies due. People can, and often do, work their way out of these financial holes without declaring bankruptcy. Before taking any action, it is a good idea to set up an appointment with a non-profit consumer credit counseling organization. The counselor can review your situation and make recommendations as to possible solutions. These counselors are normally free of charge and can look at your situation objectively.
If you can avoid bankruptcy, do so, but, if your expenses so far outweigh your income that they are affecting your health and emotional state, bankruptcy may be the only answer.
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